Citations and Footnotes

Citations

Use WorldCat to search for a book. The Review Tab lists citations formatted in several popular styles. We are using the MLA (Modern Language Association) citation format in this class.

Book

Author's Last Name, First Name.Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003.

Website or Youtube Video

Author’s Last Name, First Name. "Webpage Title." Website Name. Most recent date on the webpage (date published, copyright or date last updated.) Date the page was accessed by you <http://www.website.com>.

Kentucky Avenue School. "Admissions." Kentucky Avenue School. 4 Mar. 2008 <http://www.kentuckyavenueschool.org/admissions.html >.

Blacktreemedia. "Oprah Winfrey Interview - The Great Debaters." Youtube. 12 Dec. 2007. 12 Mar. 2008 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnMBCtZE-YU>.

Movie

Movie Title. Producer name. Director's name. Performers' names. Format of the recording (videocassette, DVD, etc.). Distributor, Year of Release.

note: abbreviations can be used for producer, director and performers.

Howard's End. Prod. Ismael Merchant. Dir. James Ivory. Perf. Anthony Perkins, Vanessa Redgrave, and Helena Bonham Carter. Videocasette. Columbia TriStar Home Video, 1997.

Magazine Article

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Name of Magazine Date: Page(s).

Stebbins, Gail. "How to Play Guitar in Five Easy Lessons." Rolling Stone Jan. 2004: 154+.


Newspaper Article

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper Date: Page(s).

Stebbins, Gail. “How to Play Piano in Two Easy Lessons.” The Pittsburgh News 11 Feb. 2006: A2.

Footnotes

Footnotes come in two parts. 1) the numbered references to a cited source, found at the bottom of a document page (a citation). 2) The superscript numbers in the document that appear after each piece of text that was taken from the (cited) source. Footnotes differ from endnotes in that with endnotes ALL citations appear at the end of a document, while footnoted citations appear at the on the same page that they are referenced on.


Wikipedia articles are written in the endnote style, with numbered references throughout the text and a list of the referenced sources at the bottom of the article.

How to create footnotes in different word processors:

* In Microsoft Word 2003: Insert > Reference > Footnote. Keyboard shortcut to insert a footnote: ALT+CTRL+F
*In Microsoft Word 2007: In Print Layout View, select Insert > Links, Cross-Reference > From the Reference Drop-down list choose Footnotes. Now the footnotes menu will appear on the toolbar at the top of the MS Word screen. Keyboard shortcut to insert a footnote: ALT+CTRL+F
* in Appleworks: Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Document Inspector button, and then click Document. Choose Use Footnotes from the Footnotes & Endnotes pop-up menu. Choose Insert > Footnote.

If you delete a footnote MS Word will automatically renumber. If you insert a footnote in between footnotes 2 and 3, MS Word will also automatically renumber. If you reuse footnote number one later in the document, do a cut and paste of the footnote 1 symbol and MS Word will not only recalculate the footnote numbers accordingly but it will add the source a second time in the footnotes list.